Dr. Fadia Al-Hummayani is an Assistant Professor and Consultant Orthodontist. She teaches both the undergraduate, Saudi board and Master dental students at King Abdulaziz University/ College of Dentistry. Completed her Master’s and Clinical Certificate in Orthodontics from King Saud University/Dental School, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1999. She got the Assistance Professor position through research and publications in reputed journals in 2006. She won the Aesthetic Dentistry MENA Award 2010.

In a socially competitive world, an improved dental appearance is important to patients. Malocclusion has a well-known detrimental effect on the overall facial esthetics, confidence and self-esteem, especially in girls. Patients seeking orthodontic treatment have the assumption of having pleasant facial and dental appearance at the end of treatment. Adolescence is known as a period of developmental & psychological instability, it is also the stage of self-esteem formation. Aim of the study The aim of this study is to evaluate 1) Psychological effect of malocclusion and to determine the association between malocclusion severity and self-esteem 2) Determine influence of age, gender, and social class of people with malocclusion on their psychological status 3) Evaluate the treatment need on self-perception and self-esteem using Index of Treatment Need (IOTN) Materials & Methods This study was conducted in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sample is consisted of 886 Saudi adolescent students aged 12-19 years randomly selected from 4 private and 2 governmental schools. The subjects had no craniofacial anomalies, after they completed the self-esteem questionnaire they were examined by research staff for the degree of malocclusion using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) - The answers of the self-esteem questionnaire were categorized into high, moderate and low self-esteem. Questionnaire: The questionnaire was consisting of mainly 3 parts: 1) Demographic data, 2) fourteen questions of self-esteem measure, 3) seven questions of perceived impact of malocclusion on social acceptance. Malocclusion assessment and Self- perceived aesthetics: Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is composing of 2 parts the Dental Health Component (DHC), and the Aesthetic Component (AC) figure (1). Conclusions More than two third (74.2%) of the sample showed good to moderate self-esteem, males have better self-esteem than females. As age increases the subjects have better self-esteem in both sexes. Social status has no effect on the degree of self-esteem. Subjects with low self-esteem have higher IOTN indicating that malocclusion affects self-esteem in adolescents and it is more seen in females than males. Student Esthetic Component (SEC) and Examiner Esthetic Component (EEC) ratings are in moderate agreement but not in full agreement (51.2% in agreement).

Dr Ghada Al-Kharboush is currently a third year PhD student at the Unit of Social and Behavioural sciences department at Kings College London. She is working close with Professor Tim Newton who is renowned for his work with patients that have dental phobia. She has obtained her Masters degree in Orthodontics in 2011 from King Saud University. Also, she has been an employee at Riyadh Military hospital since 2006 . Her goal is to analyse orthodontic patient’s expectations and motives in order to present to the them the best option for treatment.

The strong emphasis of society on beauty and attraction may be an important contributing factor to the desire of females to perfect their face. The media today may exert a negative influence on self–perception, particularly amongst individuals who are highly self conscious of their facial appearance (Minhas and Newton, 2005, Henson et al., 2011). The impact of the presence of malocclusion can be observed in the judgments made by other individuals (Jeremiah et al., 2011, Henson et al., 2011). It is possible that the same psychological process underlies the impact of the media and the judgments people make about each other. Objective: This study will compare the social judgments made by participants who are high on social comparison (High SocComp) against those that are low on social comparison(Low SocComp). Method: This is a mixed design: a controlled randomised cross over trial followed by a cross sectional study. The independent variable is response to media images and the dependent variable is the social ratings. A total of 250 females will be recruited for the study from the NHS (N=150) and non NHS (N=90). Participants will be asked to answer a group of demographic, psychological and orthodontic questions. The first experiment will be conducted based on Minhas & Newton’s (2005) study where participants will randomly be allocated to a specific order of a condition. Measures of facial satisfaction will be collected after viewing steriotypically beautiful images of houses and of faces. A repeated measure design will be used adopting a washout period (4-6 weeks). In the second part of the experiment participants will make judgments about the personal characteristics of a female showing severe crowding. The social judgements made by individuals high on social comparison and low on social comparison to the media images will be compared. Results There was no statistical significance detected pertaining to social judgments between participants low on social comparison (Low SocComp) and to individuals high on social comparison group (High SocComp); SC (t(47)=1.04, p=0.30), IA (t(47)=1.12, p=0.27) PA (t(47)=0.21, p=0.83). Further analysis suggesed sample size may have caused the lack of significant result. Therefore, further investigation is needed.

Serhat MERTOGLU was born in 1980 in Ä°zmir-Turkey. He completed his first education in Izmir, Turkey.He was graduated from Ege Universty Dental School in 2005. He worked become a general dentist in his own clinic until 2008. He completed his training in orthodontics in 2013 in Cumhuriyet Universty. Since 2014 He has been working as an orthodontist in Pamukkale Universty faculty of Dentistry.

Growing skeletal class II malocclusions with mandibular deficiency have been treated for more than a century with different types of functional appliances. Removable or fixed functional appliances are available to advance the mandible. Functional orthopedic treatment seeks to correct malocclusions and harmonize the shape of the dental arch and orofacial functions. Removable functional appliances are normally very large in size, have unstable fixation, cause discomfort, exert pressure on the mucosa, reduce space for the tongue, cause difficulties in deglutition and speech, and very often affect esthetic appearance. With a fixed appliance like the Forsusâ„¢ fatigue-resistant device (FRD), as the appliance is fixed, there is less dependence on patient compliance . Unlikely, u have to levelling to teeth and u must use at least 16x22 or 17x25 stainless steel arches. Ä°t takes nearly 8 or 10 month depends on crowded of teeth. Time is very important at functional orthopedic treatment. If the patient is in to pubbertal peak,the functional treatment must be start as soon as possible. Our patient is in pubertal peak when we start to treatment. There was no time to straighten to teeth before functional orthopedic treatment. Thats why in this case report we designed that modified forsus fatique resistance appliance as removable, to increase patient cooperation and success functional orthopedic treatment.

Dr. Shiela Jedidiah E. Bacani has completed her Doctor of Dental Medicine from Centro Escolar University and currently on her senior year in her Master in Science Major in Orthodontics. She was a former faculty member in Centro Escolar University ( 2012-2015). She is currently working in Al-asnan Almasiya Dental Center Taif, Saudi Arabia as resident Orthodontics.

Root resorption occurs as a pathologic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. Depending on the amount of force exerted on the tooth, the resorption may be mild and clinically insignificant, while in other cases, a large amount of cementum and dentin are removed from the root surface. At present, clinical diagnosis of root resorption is generally radiographic. Radiographs are technique-sensitive that can detect resorption only after 60-70% of the mineralized tissue is lost. They provide two-dimensional information primarily identifying apical change. Cone beam volumetric imaging and computerized tomography were identified that they have greater sensitivity in detecting root resorption. The high radiation exposure and cost made it impractical for routine use in orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to determine if an alternative molecular method such as Dentin Sialophosphoprotein could be used to assess root resorption in active orthodontic patient.The experimental subjects included 15 patients and 15 untreated controls with the absence of any relevant medical disorder, no previous history of orthodontic treatment, and no evidence of root resorption as confirmed in the periapical radiograph. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) samples of malpositioned toothwere obtained twice: immediately prior and 8 weeks following the placement of orthodontic appliance. The study revealed that there was significant (P=0.000<0.01) increase of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein among experimental group than the control group after8 weeks of installation of fixed orthodontic appliance.The study suggest that Dentin Sialophosphoprotein is useful for assessing resorption during leveling and alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.

Natal Teeth are the teeth that are present during birth, while neonatal teeth are those that erupt in the first month of life. Both are uncommon anomalies with an incidence of 1:700 to 1:3500. Natal teeth are more frequent than neonatal teeth with the ratio of approximately 3:1. They usually occur in pairs, however multiple natal teeth is a rare condition. The purpose of this paper is to present a case of one week old Saudi baby who was referred to the section of pediatric dentistry at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center’s dental department. Child presents with multiple natal teeth in upper and lower dental arch. Clinically child has multiple palpable elevations with shell shaped crowns. Management of the case and review of the literature will be presented.

Dr. Duaa Abo Al Samh is an endodontic and restorative consultant at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. She completed her master degree in in dental science and her endodontic certificate in 1996 from Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. She finished her restorative board in 2004 from Saudi Council for Health Speciality in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Currently, she is a member of the Continuous Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (CQI & PS) at PSMMC.

The aim of this report was to emphasize the value of performing patient’s treatment plan into phases of treatment and encouraging colleagues to apply such phases in the clinical practice for the management of complex restorative cases. Traditional approach to treatment planning has certain merits. however ,new treatment approach should improve oral health rather than react to presenting problems and therefor , dentist should aim to convert their irregular attendee to a regular attendee with treatment plan directed to enhance oral health, prevent diseases, improve esthetic and free the patient from pain and discomfort.in this report a complex restorative case of a 16 year old female patient was managed for comprehensive dental therapy in the form of treatment plan which was divided into phases by way of a “ staircase “approach with one clinic al step being dependent on the previous step . The whole treatment was completed in three months and the result was satisfactory and patient became highly motivated person with more self confidence.

Dental intern from college of dentistry Jazan university , Diploma of preparatory course for postgraduate studies in medical and biosciences from Helsinki University and Stockholm university

Women had unique sex hormones changes..Thus the female body has a series of reaction to the hormonal changes seen within. As a result of these changes, they are more prone to the development of periodontal disease and show periodontal manifestation. Hormonal effects reflect physiological/ pathological changes in almost all types of tissues of the body. Estrogen and progesterone receptors are demonstrated in gingival tissue that is why it functions as target organ for sex hormones. ovarian hormones may increase inflammation in gingival tissues and exaggerate the response to local irritants. Female sex hormones alter subgingival bacterial plaque composition, Alter immunocompetency of the female Improper oral hygiene and hormonal imbalance seen during different life cycle of female patients exaggerates the oral tissues response to the plaque and other local factors thus worsening the condition. Clinician should recognizes, customizes, and appropriately alters the periodontal therapy according to the individual woman's needs based on the stage of her life cycle. Patients should be educated regarding the profound effects of the sex hormone on periodontal and oral tissues as well as the consistent need for home and office removal of local irritants.

Aims: Crowns have been considered the restoration of choice for endodontically treated teeth. This study tested, which restorations are associated with improved survivability of endodontically treated teeth. Materials & Methods: King Khalid University College of Dentistry (KKUCD) treatment database was used to identify permanent posterior teeth that had undergone endodontic treatments in the year 2008. 375 patients were treated by students and specialist in KKUCD, 101 patients (121 teeth) were included under the criteria of age and tooth type. Patients were recalled and examined their type, quality of restorations and endodontic lesions healing status. Results: The 121 teeth, 65 treated by specialist and 56 by students. 46 were crowned, 39 amalgam restored, 25 composite restored, 6 glass ionomer restored and 5 extracted. Successful cases which had good quality restorations and successful endodontic healing, 30 cases of the crowned teeth, 19 cases of the amalgam, 9 cases of the composite and 1 case of the glass ionomer. Survival cases which had acceptable to good quality restorations and uncertain to successful endodontic healing, 45 cases of the crowned teeth, 37 cases of the amalgam, 23 cases of the composite and 2 cases of the glass ionomer. The 5 extracted teeth were not crowned and there was no significant difference between the treatment done by specialist or students on the endodontic lesion healing but there was significant difference on the coronal restorations quality. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, a strong association between the presence, type, quality of the restorations and the endodontic success and survivability. Crowns placement improved the success (65%) and survivability (98%) of endodontically treated teeth.

Dental practice produces medical waste which finally can give negative impact to the environment. Eco-Friendly Dentistry is an emerging concept to help dentists manage their practice in a sustainable way. The aim of this study was to know the suitability of solo dental practices to the concept of Eco-Friendly Dentistry in Bandung. A descriptive study was done with survey method towards 87 solo dental practitioners as respondents according to the list of dental practitioners in Bandung obtained by Indonesian Dentists Association. Data collected by questionnaire under went validity and reliability test. The result of this study showed that 2,30% of respondents were not suitable to the concept of Eco-Friendly Dentistry, 70,11% were fairly suitable, and the other 27,59% were suitable. It could be concluded that the suitability of solo dental practices to the concept of Eco-Friendly Dentistry in Bandung was categorized as fairly suitable.

Introduction: when mandibular incisor teeth are absent or lost through disease, multiple options for replacement of these teeth are available. it is possible that a patient may receive varying treatment depending on the dentist’s preference for replacing missing mandibular incisors. Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the dentists’ preferences on treatment options to replace missing lower incisors in patients of varying ages. Materials and methods: Fifty questionnaires together with clinical photographs, a radiograph, and study casts were given to dentists working in the Glasgow Dental Hospital and School and dentists working in a dental clinic in Libya. The questions included in the questionnaire were directed towards the assessment of dentists’ preferences on treatment options to restore missing lower incisors in patients of different ages. Results: For the 18 year old group the most commonly used treatment options were both the use of an adhesive bridge (36%) and a fixed-fixed bridge (36%) although the overall preferred treatment option was the use of a dental implant (68%). Generally, the respondents were in agreement to use the same treatment options for the patient of 40 years old as for the 18 year old (82%). More than half (56%) of the respondents were in agreement to use the same treatment options for the 60 year old patient as for the 18 year old. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study it can be concluded that there was a difference between some of the dentists in the preferred treatment for the replacement of missing incisors in the clinical scenarios presented in this study.

Ultrasonography represents a relatively new diagnostic modality that can be used for imaging superficially placed anatomic structures like major salivary glands. Ultrasonography affords some important practical and technical advantages; it is a simple, noninvasive procedure that involves no radiation or discomfort. It is inexpensive and readily available, and it offers an instantaneous display of the tissues. Furthermore, it can be used with patients for whom sialography is contraindicated: those who are allergic to an iodine-based dye and those who have an acute infection. Ultrasonography is unaffected by metal artefacts such as dental restorations. It can be performed without heavy sedation. Ultrasound causes no health problems and may be repeated as often as necessary. US is a valuable and useful method for diagnosis of salivary gland diseases. Not only does it enable confirmation or exclusion of the presence of a mass, but in many cases the nature of underlying disease may also be suggested on the basis of US findings. Ultrasound is capable of differentiating cystic from solid lesions and is also helpful in diagnosing malignant v/s benign masses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on bond strength of acid-etch procedure and 3 adhesive systems on bond strength when composite resin is immediately applied to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Two types of MTA cement, ProRoot MTA (WMTA) (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK) and Endocem MTA (EMTA) (Maruchi, Wonju, Korea), were prepared and stored for 15 minutes. The number of total MTA specimens is 120. Surface treatment was performed using phosphoric and an untreated MTA surface was prepared as a control. MTA surfaces were bonded with 3 adhesive systems, including Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN), Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE), Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply) to evaluate the adhesive effectiveness of MTA followed by composite resin restoration. The shear bond strength of the polymerized specimens was tested. The specimen of acid-etch procedure showed significantly higher bond strength In the EMTA, not in the WMTA. EMTA bonded significantly more strongly than WMTA, regardless of the adhesive system used. In the WMTA, no significant differences were found across adhesive systems. For EMTA, Prime & Bond NT showed the highest bond strength to the composite. Acidic treatment of the EMTA surface affected and the bond strength to the composite. Within the limitations of this study, using aceton-based, two-step adhesive system might result in a strong bond to EMTA when the composite resin restoration is immediately applied over MTA cement.

Introduction:The purpose of this study was , evaluation of the effect of orange juice and 15% carbamide peroxide on microhardness of Amaris composite resin Methods and Materials:In this study , 30 cylindrical shaped specimens of composite resin ( 6mm diameter and 2mm thickness) were prepared and light cured. Specimens were divided into three equal groups.Ten specimens of composite were stored in normal saline at 37 0c as control group. Ten specimens were exposed to the bleaching agents, as first test group, for 6 and 42 hours. Other ten specimens were stored for 6 and 42 hours in orange juice. Before and after examination , the microhardness of specimens was tested using Vickers-test instrument under 100 gr load for 10 seconds. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical SPSS 16 through One Way ANOVA and Post hoc test(P Value <0.05 ) Results:In this study, microhardness of composite in different times of immersion in each group decreased[ Normal saline( p=0.48), Orange juice (P<0.001) and 15% carbamide peroxide (P<0.001)] Comparison of three groups showed that, composite microhardness decreased after 6 hours of immersion, no significantly (P=0.592) and after 42 hours, significant ( P=0.002), So in orange juice group was more decrease Conclusion:According to this study , normal saline , orange juice and 15% carbamide peroxide decreased the microhardness of the composite resin Key words: orange juice, 15% carbamide peroxide, microhardness, composite resin

Aims and objectives. The aim of this Lecture is to advance an understanding of the impact of applying emotional intelligence techniques, frameworks and strategies in dentistry care in relation to improving patient care and enhancing of dental staff performance. Background. Nowadays, the concept of emotional intelligence attracts rising interests in different fields. Healthcare researchers showed special attention to discover and understand the effect of emotional intelligence on psychological field, clinical performance and patients’ need. Dentistry is one of the fields were emotional intelligence would play a role in enhancing dentist-patient communication and enhancing dental staff performance. In view of that, developing emotional intelligence may improve patients’ dental care. Method. Systematic review. Findings. The findings presented that there is no significant evidence of extensive research on the subject of emotional intelligence effect on dental care. it was found from the available studies that emotional intelligence inversely proportional to perceived stress in dental students. Furthermore, students with emotional intelligence performed better in clinical settings. Another two important findings from this systematic review would create foundation to introduce emotional intelligence as an intervention at early stage in dental field. First finding was that the study captured negative views by some dentists of patients reliant on social assistance, suggesting a probable discrimination in dental service. This finding highlights the importance of empathy and emotional intelligence in dental care. In order to provide an equal dental care regardless of the patient’s background. The second finding was finding a complex relationship underlying emotional intelligence and motivation (especially in terms of salary and family life), for dental professionals. Conclusion. Further research on the topic of emotional intelligence effect on improving dental care. The relationship between empathy and dental care requisite further attention. Responsiveness should be given to the rate at which emotional intelligence improves in individuals. Researches should be done on methods to introduce emotional intelligence to current dental professionals.

During orthognathic surgery there is risk of damage to maxillary and/or mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve (CNV) which supplies the sensation to the face. These branches may be inadvertently compressed, retracted or transected during subperiosteal dissection causing potential disturbance in signal transmission, with resulting paraesthesia. At Cumberland Infirmary an audit was used to assess paraesthesia immediately post-surgery, paraesthesia following a recovery period and to assess the most common areas affected by paraesthesia in postorthognathic surgery patients. Average time of sensation recovery and the effect of paraesthesia on the quality of life was also investigated. Using a specifically designed questionnaire to assess paraesthesia via self-report, retrospective data was collected from a number of post-orthognathic surgery patients. Patients ranged from having surgery 6 months to 8 years previously, 19 to 45 years of age. Comparison of the collected data and that found in the literature was executed, to see whether the level of paraesthesia following orthognathic surgery in Cumbria was high, low or average. Following analysis, several changes were implemented to instigate reduction in permanent nerve damage. Results were also utilised for the consenting process, to provide patient information regarding paraesthesia subsequent to orthognathic surgery.

Dental erosion is a constantly increasing phenomenon linked to both environmental factors (e.g. stress, consumption of fizzy drinks) and organic factors. This pathology is often difficult to diagnose due to the overlapping of lesions of the hard tissue caused by poor oral hygiene (e.g. toothbrush abrasion). However, what is clear is the potential destruction this pathology can cause, leading, in severe cases, to serious consequences either from an an esthetic as well as a functional point of view. The traditional therapeutic approach is to cover the teeth with a complete crown and in some cases adding the relative endodontic procedures, all requiring a large expenditure of biological material, time and money.Today it is possible to restore a correct occlusal morphology thanks to the introduction of adhesive systems. By using direct or indirect additive techniques there is a notable saving of biological tissue, also considering the fact that very often erosive lesions are found at an early stage of development and in young patients, where the importance of minimum invasiveness is crucial. Aim of the study: This case report aims to show the systematic clinical approach used by the author to achieve a minimally invasive cosmetic rehabilitation using an adhesive technique, regardless of the length of the clinical crown or quantity of residual enamel.Material and methods: The patient’s upper and lower posterior teeth were treated using pressed and painted lithium disilicate inlays adhesively cemented using a hybrid composite in order to maintain stability of the DVO. The upper anterior sextant was restored using pressed and stratified full veneers in lithium disiliciate, cemented with a light-­‐curing resin cement using a semi-­‐ adhesive technique (via a retraction cord in the gingival sulcus). Two additive veneers in feldspathic ceramic were applied without preparation to the lower anterior sextant at the level of the canines. These too, were cemented with a light-­‐curing resinous cement so as to restore a correct canine guidance. Results: At the end of the treatment and after an observation time of 3 years a perfect integrity of the bond and the marginal adaptation could be seen at x-­‐rays control. No secondary caries or endodontic complications were found. Finally, the patient showed a high level of both esthetic and functional acceptance.Conclusion: Even though there are doubts as to the duration of this type of treatment due to the unfavourable initialal condition on of the teeth to be restored (such as the absence of enamel and short clinical crowns), the clinical intervention seems promising, seeing as none of the teeth treated have recidivism of caries or devitalization. Although further assessment will be needed to demonstrate the long term success of this method of treatment, the encouraging medium term results clearly raise the doubt that complete conventional crowns can continue to be considered the best and only option for treating this partcular patient populaton. Images of the case,which I can not include unfortunately in this abstract, are very esplicative of method,technique and results.

Traditional methods of treatment of immature root with necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis pose multiple challenges. These challenges include disinfection of the root canal with standard protocols that aggressively use endodontic files, filling the root canal with an open apex that provides no barrier for stopping the root filling material before impinging on the periodontal tissues, and the susceptibility of the teeth to fracture because of their thin roots. The aim is to expose the different technique used for treatment of necrotic immature teeth. One technique will be detailed

With interdisciplinary knowledge, dentists can play key roles in identifying, diagnosing and suggesting treatment plans for IDA (Samad et al. 2015). Results of informal interviews with two dentists, and structured interviews with twelve final year BDS students for a research based presentation indicated that many are unaware of some of the critical oral manifestations of IDA. This e-poster proposes to raise awareness among practicing dentists, dental surgeons, hygienists and students about the symptoms of IDA, such as severe alveolar bone loss (Hatipogul et al. 2012), mouth ulcers (Yu Lu & Cheng Wu, 2004), burning sensation of oral mucosa, lingual varicosity, dry mouth, oral lichen planus, and atrophic glossitis (Wu YC et al. 2014), squamous cell carcinoma (Samad et al. 2015) and many more. The poster will show that timely identification will not only help early diagnosis, but also lead to prompt treatment.

Introduction: Obesity is now one of the most common health problems in all countries. Childhood obesity may lead to serious diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and general poor health. Although, the association between weight, BMI, and dental health has not been examined widely in children but some risk factors such as a one-sided diet, e.g. a diet high in sugar, may play a role in the development of these characteristics. The objective of this study was to examine a possible relationship between the presence of caries lesions and BMI in overweight and/or obese children. Material and method: Prevalence of DMF teeth (Decayed, Missed and Filled teeth) among 120 obese and/or overweight children (4-10 years) was assessed by a questionnaire which filled out by their parents at the time of admission in the nutrition counseling clinic from August 2014 to September 2015. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day food record questionnaire which was gathered from the parents of obese children about their children food intake. Anthropometric measurements was done by a trained nurse. Results: 40% of participants were obese (BMI were at or above the 95th percentile) and 60% were overweight (BMI were at or above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex). Results showed that above 75% of these overweight and/or obese children aged 4-10 years had poor oral health and dental carries which may affected by additional consumption of sugary foods (more than 20% of their daily calorie needs) and low consumption of fruits and vegetables based on the food guide pyramid (less than 2 servings fruit and vegetable per day) in their diet. Conclusion: Obese children had high sugary foods in their daily diet which was related to their BMI, poor oral health and tooth decay. So, it is important that obese children should be screened to determine their risk for poor oral health and tooth decay and encourage their parents to consider more fruit and vegetables in children diet.

Objectives: To investigate clinical performance and clinical survival rate of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press) material utilized in single crowns and assessment of periodontal health status of these crowns. Methods: Cross sectional study design was utilized. A total of 47 suitable patients with 88 IPS e.max Press single crowns were examined at the Dental Center of University of Malaya using modified United States Public Health Service evaluation criteria (USPHS), a comparison of the periodontal status using Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Recession, Modified Papillary Bleeding Index (MPBI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) was done between the crowns and contralateral control (sound) teeth. Results: About 96.6% of IPS e.max Press crowns exhibited satisfactory clinical performance. The survival rate at 3 years mean evaluation time was 97.7% and 100% at 2 years with a low incidence of fractures. There were no differences in the mean gingival recession (p=0.182) and mean plaque scores (p=0.102) between crowns and control teeth. The crowns had higher mean MPBI (p=0.000) and PPD (p=0.051) as compared to the contralateral sound teeth. Periodontal response was statistically poor with regards to subgingival crown margins, with pockets (p=0.01) and bleeding on probing (p=0.00). No dentinal sensitivity was experienced on the crowned teeth. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press crowns exhibited satisfactory clinical performance and survival rate at 3 years with low incidence of fractures. Plaque retention and gingival recession were similar to contralateral control teeth. Poor periodontal health was related to subgingival margins.

The occlusion was long considered factor responsible for TMD, but this concept was recently questioned. The prosthesis is strongly associated to the occlusion, it may be regarded as a disturbing factor of this dernière if she is not appropriate or unbalanced, so may be regarded as a factor responsible for TMD. In front of this situation controversial can we identify a relationship between the TMD and the prosthesis? The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the prosthesis and the occurred TMD to reach this goal a clinical study performed in public institutions in Oran (2015) of 10 patients (8 women and 2 men). In 10 patients the TMD was present; prostheses were defective with the frequency of the absence of stable occlusion due to occlusal flat surfaces. A second consequence of this dental abrasion could be due to the factor represented by the reduction in the vertical dimension. This decrease can affect the elements constituting the masticatory system. The prosthetic occlusal adjustment has cured 100% in men and 12.5% among women without control of recurrence. Among women 87.5 has an excess of stress which can probably be responsible for no healing We can see in the light of our investigation that TMD is probably the origin of the two factors,stress and instability occlusal prothtique. This result can be either confirmed or disprove by an analytical case-control study that we are trying to achieve itr or a cohort study.

Resin based dental materials are now extensively used in dentistry and they release components which were found to induce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Ketac TM fil Plus/3M ESPE, Photac TM fil/3M ESPE, Filtek TM Z350 XT/3M ESPE and Filtek TM P90/ 3M ESPE were investigated via studying the effect of their eluates on cultured human lymphocytes. Chromosomal aberrations assay was done and affected cells were examined under microscope. Results were compared statistically. Both Photac TM fil and Filtek TM Z350 XT showed significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects (p <0.05) while Ketac TM fil Plus and Filtek TM P90 showed non significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects (p>0.05). Key words: genotoxic, Resin Composite, Chromosomal aberrations

Patients seeking Dental care have significant medical problems which play an important role in the management and progress of treatment. It is important for the clinician to be aware of the type of medical condition in the patient for providing optimal Dental care. This study aims to assess the prevalence of medical conditions among patients seeking dental care in KKUCOD. And our Aims & Objectives 1. To assess the prevalence of medical conditions in patients seeking Dental Treatment 2. To assess the type of medical condition and age group which is most prevalent 3. To assess the total number of Saudi & Non – Saudi Nationals, And our Material & Methods Patient’s medical records were retrieved over a period of one year. Due ethical clearance was obtained. Data regarding age group, Nationality, type of medical condition were recorded and subsequently entered in Excel spread sheet. Medically compromised conditions were classified into 11 categories. And our result A total of 7051 patient files were screened. Of the 7051 patient files screened, 725 patients had medical conditions. Age group of 20-30 years had highest prevalence rate. Endocrine (Diabetic) conditions were the most prevalent medical condition closely followed by Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Hematologic conditions. Of the 725 patients with medical conditions Saudi’s were the predominant group than the non-Saudi patients as Saudi nationals are main group of patients seeking dental treatment at KKUCOD. In the final : 1. 10.3 % of the patients had medically compromised conditions which is significantly higher, 2. Diabetes was the most prevalent medical condition followed by cardiovascular, respiratory and hematologic conditions, 3. Age group of 20-30 years had the highest prevalence rate.