Biography
Biography: Arpit Doshi
Abstract
Low Level Laser Therapy :- Low level laser dentistry is mainly underestimated. It is mainly used in orthodontics for faster tooth movements, post extraction pain and probably any kind of pain, with faster healing post surgeries. The only physical risk in laser therapy is the risk of an eye damage. While never reported to have occurred, the risk of an eye damage must be considered, especially when using an invisible and collimated (parallel) beam. Suitable protective goggles should be worn by the patient for extra oral therapy in the face. The therapeutic lasers offer improved possibilities in the treatment of pain, wound healing, inflammation and oedema. However, they also offer the dentist a possibility to treat indications previously not within the capability of the general dentist. Diode Laser:- Since the introduction of the first dental diode laser in 1995, numerous diode lasers are now available. Oral surgery procedures that require the removal of soft tissue can be achieved by vaporization (ablation) and/or cutting (incision, excision, or dissection) with the diode laser. Some of these soft-tissue applications include but are not limited to gingivectomy, frenectomy, hemorrhagic lesion removal, gingival sculpting techniques associated with implant recovering or therapy, and subgingival curettage.3 The advantages for laser soft-tissue oral surgery include improved hemostasis, reduced intraoperative and postoperative pain/discomfort, decreased postoperative swelling, eliminated need for sutures, reduced bacterial count at the wound site, reduced operator time, and versatility. Because of its versatility, this laser may be a useful alternative for soft-tissue oral surgery compared to traditional periodontal surgery. It is also used for depigmentation of gums and disinfection of periodontal pockets and root canals. Erbium Laser :- The term laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Erbium lasers are categorized in the mid-infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, with light emitted as invisible, nonionizing, thermal radiation. Currently, two types of erbium lasers are available, each emitting a unique wavelength, depending on the material present in the laser rod inside the device. The rods contain the active medium, host crystals, into which dopant atoms are uniformly distributed. According to current science, laser light energy must be converted into some other form of energy to produce a biologic effect. Both types of erbium lasers are categorized as laser light that is converted into acoustic (mechanical) energy. This type of energy is in the form of a shock wave, physically disrupting the target tissue. Although wavelength is a major factor, laser peak power, pulse duration, pulse energy, and beam focusing are critical parameters. Production of acoustic shock waves is due to the rapid, volumetric expansion occurring when water changes from liquid to gas. This expansion causes the surrounding tooth structure to explode, causing an explosive expansion. The water spray of the handpiece accelerates this effect by removing exploded tissue, transferring minimal heat to the remaining tooth. The Er,Cr:YSGG wave length has two pulse width options for hard tissues and soft tissues. The longer pulse width used for soft tissue haemostasis. The uses of erbium, has a wide range right from cutting of bone sinus lift surgeries, pips phenomenon in periodontal pockets and irrigation of root canals. Conclusion :- The concepts are going to be illustrated with clinical cases and also uses of specific wavelengths according to the absorption in tissues will be discussed. The difference between laser scalpel and electro surgery at microscopic level will also be discussed.