Biography:

N Vasudev Ballal graduated with a Bachelor degree of Dentistry from the SDM College of Dental Sciences, India. He received Master’s degree in the specialty of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics and PhD degree in Endodontics from Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, India. Currently, he upholds the position of Professor in the specialty of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. He serves as an Editorial Board Member of 12 international journals and reviewer of 45 international journals. He has received the best reviewer award out of top 10 reviewers in the world by Elsevier publishers and American Association of Endodontists in 2014. He has received several international awards for his outstanding contribution in research activities. He has 95 plus publications to his credit in various international and national journals. His topic of profound interest is on root canal irrigating agents, intracanal medicaments, root canal disinfection, endodontic materials and smear layer. He has participated in various conferences and delivered guest lectures both at the national and international levels. He has authored a chapter on smear layer in text book “Essentials of Endodontics”. His published manuscripts have been cited numerously as much as 195 times and with H index of 9.

Abstract:

Objective/Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of NaviTip, NaviTip FX and EndoUltra in removal of smear layer from the instrumented root canal when used with 7% maleic acid (MA). Methods: Thirty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were decoronated to standardize the root length to 15 mm. The canals were enlarged to size F5 using protaper files. 5 ml of 2.5% NaOCl was used as an irrigating agent between each instrument change. Samples were then divided into three groups (n=10) based on irrigation regimen. Group 1- EndoUltra group: 2.5 ml of 7% MA was irrigated for 30 sec. Then the root canals were irrigated with 5 ml of distilled water for 1 min following which, EndoUltra device was activated for 30 seconds within the canal. The same procedure was repeated once more, so that the total irrigation time with 7% MA and activation time with EndoUltra was 1 min. Group II: Navitip FX group: 5 ml of 7% MA was irrigated using 15 size Navitip FX needle for 1 min. Group III: Navitip group (control): 5 ml of 7% MA was irrigated using 30 gauge Navitip needle for 1 min. All the specimens were then subjected to SEM analysis. Results & Conclusions: On intra-group comparison, NaviTip and NaviTip FX groups removed smear layer better in the coronal and middle third when compared to the apical third. However, in EndoUltra group, there was no significant difference between coronal, middle and apical thirds. On inter-group comparison, Navitip group removed smear layer less efficiently as compared to Navitip FX and EndoUltra groups in all the thirds of the root canal. When Navitip FX group was compared to EndoUlra group, there was no significant difference between them in coronal and middle thirds. However, in the apical third, EndoUltra group removed smear layer more effectively. EndoUltra removed smear layer more efficiently than NaviTip FX and NaviTip from the apical third of the root canal system when used along with 7% MA.

Biography:

Jothi V completed her Bachelors in Dental Surgery and earned her Master’s in specialty of Periodontology from Manipal College of Dental Sciences, a constituent of Manipal University, Karnataka, India. Following which she has acquired a certificate in Laser dentistry. Her clinical interests are focused on esthetic periodontal surgical procedures. Her research interests are directed towards periodontal microbiology. She has over 30 published articles in various national and international reputed journals. She is also a reviewer and Member of Editorial Board of scientific journals.

Abstract:

The oral cavity has always provided pre-requisites for an extensive number of microbiota to thrive and create an organized community nurturing the growth of a variety of other organisms. This diverse flora either remains residential to the tissues or get pathogenic owing to the imbalance in the homeostatic conditions prevailing within the host. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory lesion in which the causative components are attributed to the environment, host, along with vast prevalence of periodontopathogens. Fifteen extracted teeth specimens were inoculated with three periodontal pathogens to create a biofilm. The specimens were then divided into 3 groups. Group 1: 5 specimens were treated with anti-plaque test agent. Group 2: 5 specimens treated with CHX (0.2%) and Group: 5 specimens treated with saline. The results of the present study showed comparable antimicrobial effect between test agent and Chx (0.2%) compared to control group. Hence, within limitations of this study, it could be concluded that this anti-plaque agent could be recommended for use in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Biography:

Mohammed got his Bachelor degree of Dental Surgery (BDS) in 1997 from King Saud University at Riyadh. He joined Ministry of Health at KSA soon after internship year to work in primary health care center. After 2 years, he transferred to oral & Maxillofacial Surgery department at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital to work as a resident. Two years later, he attended MSc OMFS course at Eastman Dental Institute at University College London (UCL) where he got the degree in 2005. Then returned back to KFHH working as a specialist. Since 2007, he has worked as an acting consultant. In 2013, he got the fellowship of MFD RCSI, Irland. During his career, he gave many local and international speeches and had few publications. Dr. Al-Bodbaij is a member of Saudi Dental Society and member of Saudi Society of Oral & Maxillofacial. At present, Mohammed is the head of oral & maxillofacial surgery department at King Fahad hospital- Hofuf.

Abstract:

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign lesion, CGCG occurs mainly in children and young adults with more than 60% of all cases occurring before the age of 30 years and female to male ratio of 2:1. The mandibular / maxillary ratio is from 2:1 to 3:1. Surgery is the traditional treatment of CGCG. Calcitonin and intralesional steroid were used with good results. In this case report, a 14 years old Saudi girl presented with a hard swelling of left side of the mandible with few months duration. Investigations including blood tests, radiographs and biopsy were done which confirmed the diagnosed of CGCG. Lesion has been treated using six weekly intralesional injections of steroid which gave very good result. Patient has been followed up for 10 months with radiographic evidence of defect refill with bone and no sign of recurrence.

Biography:

Dr. Alshadwi has graduated from king Saud University College of Dentistry then jointed the oral surgery staff in King Faisal Hospital and received scholarship to the US, Where he finished an OMFS internship in Boston Medical Centre and then joined Boston University OMFS Residency. After that he joint King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, KSA as associate consultant. Dr. Alshadwi is candidate for the American Board of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, in addition to that he has several publication and authored few book chapters. Dr. Alshadwi maintain practice focused on Orthognathic and TMJ surgeries inaddition to facial cosmatics and trigeminal nerve repair procedures.

Abstract:

By incorporating three-dimensional (3D) imaging and computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques, 3D computer-assisted technology has been applied widely to provide accurate guidance for assessment and treatment planning in clinical practice. This technology has recently been used in orthognathic surgery to improve surgical planning and outcome. The modality will gradually become popular. This presentation reviews the literature concerning the use of computer-assisted techniques in orthognathic surgery including surgical planning, simulation, intraoperative translation of the virtual surgery and postoperative evaluation. A Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect search was performed to find relevant articles with regard to 3D computer-assisted orthognathic surgery in the past 10 years. A total of 381 articles were revealed, out of which 78 were publications addressed the topic of this study. The purpose of this presentation is to present an overview of the state-of-art methods for 3D computer-assisted technology in orthognathic surgery. From this presentation we can conclude that the use of computer-assisted technique in orthognathic surgery provides the benefit of optimal functional and aesthetic results, patient satisfaction, precise translation of the treatment plan and facilitating intraoperative manipulation.

Biography:

Ebrahimi M.A. has completed his MSc in maxillofacial surgery from Prince of Songkla University (Thailand) at 2011 with honor merit. He started his work on biomaterials with special focus on biphasic nano bioceramics at 2010 and developed cost effective techniques for preparation of bioceramics. He presented his experiences at different local and international conferences and published his works in reputed journals. Currently he is a researcher and PhD candidate at University of Hong Kong. His recent focus is on preparation of hybrid nano bioceramics with incorporation of collagen in comparison to biomimetic self assembly biomaterials for enhanced bone regeneration.

Abstract:

The most common biomaterials for skeletal maxillofacial repair are bioceramics because of their compositional similarity to the mineral phase of the bone and biocompatibility. Different compositional ratios of bioceramics have been also developed to overcome disadvantages of single-phase materials by combination of two or more ceramic phases. However, many bioceramics suffer from disadvantages such as; poor mechanical properties and lack of organic phase. Furthermore, the conventional bioceramics compose of microscale grain, whereas the bone inorganic phase is at the nanoscale level. Nano ceramic could promote osteoblast cells activity and enhance formation of new bone better than microscale bioceramics. Nanotopography and grain size rather than composition ratio, are the main factors influencing the biological properties of biomaterials that should be considered before clinical application. However, the superiority of natural bone is also due to the presence of collagen which adds strength and partial elasticity. Therefore, hybrid bioceramics of multiphasic origin including both organic and inorganic phase at nano-macro scale provides excellent alternatives for oral and maxillofacial applications. Many controversies are there with regards to the ideal properties of bioceramics and clinicians are left with much confusion in choice of ideal biomaterials from the market. Currently, there are no biomaterials that can simulate full properties of natural bone due to superiority and complexity of this structure. The aim of this paper is to provide the clinicians with basic necessary knowledge in bioceramics and introduce useful guidelines for proper selection of ideal biomaterials for maxillofacial bony repair based on clinical requirements.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aim and objective of the Study • To measure the efficacy of articaine and mepivacine buccal infiltrations supplemental to mepivacine IANB on mandibular first molar pulp anaesthesia. • To determine the time of onset and duration of pulpal anaesthesia for each treatment. • To assess patient reported feelings of numbness in teeth and soft tissues after each local anaesthetic injection Materials & Methods • The volunteers received LA regimens randomly over two visits, at least one week apart following reading the information sheet and signing the formal consent • The efficacy of pulp anaesthesia was determined by electronic pulp testing • The efficacy of pulp anaesthesia was evaluated for mandibular first molar after both treatments before injection (baseline) and at intervals of 2 minutes for the first ten minutes and then at intervals of five minutes until 45 minutes after the injection. A control unanaesthetised tooth on the other side of the lower jaw was tested at base line, once again at 10 minutes and at the end of the trial (45 minutes). • The discomfort of the injections was recorded by the volunteers after each treatment on standard 100mm visual analogue scales (VAS), with “no pain” (0 mm) and “unbearable pain” (100 mm). • After all injections, the volunteers were asked to subjectively gauge soft tissue anaesthesia of the lower lip, tongue, and teeth as soon as numbness is felt following either treatment. Results • All (23 volunteers) secured anesthetic success for first molar tooth following pulp testing after articaine and mepivacaine regimens within 10 min and continuously sustained for 45 min postinjection (P = 1). • Differences between articaine regimen and mepivacaine regimen are statistically significant in regard to the number of episodes when there are no sensation on first molar pulp testing on 64 reading (maximum stimulation) at 2 min (P = 0.008) and 4 min (P = 0.019) but not at 6 min (P = 0.15) or 8 min (P = 0.32).

Biography:

Dr. Jehad Al Sukhun is a British / Jordanian oral and maxillofacial surgeon with a Master’s degree in oral and maxillofacial surgery from the University of Manchester and a PhD from the University of London in the United Kingdom. He has gained a number of fellowships and professional memberships in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia. During his PhD studies at the University of London, he obtained in-depth knowledge and experience in maxillofacial Implantology and computer aided surgery using Finite Element Analysis. He worked at well reputed academic University Hospitals in the UK e.g. Royal Manchester University Hospital, Royal Surrey County Hospital and a UAE University College, Dubai. He has gained significant clinical experience in specialized dentistry, Implantology, oncology, trauma, Orthognathic surgery, reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery. He developed particular interest on the use of bioresorbable plates for reconstructing orbital fractures. During his work in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Professor Al-Sukhun produced more than 45 papers published in international peer review journals. Professor Al Sukhun sits on the editorial.

Abstract:

Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. However, there are complex clinical conditions in which bone regeneration is required in small or large quantity, such as for loss of cortical bone at the time of implant placement, loss of bone due to peri implantitis, skeletal reconstruction of large bone defects created by trauma, infection, tumour resection and skeletal abnormalities, or cases in which the regenerative process is compromised, including avascular necrosis, atrophic non-unions and osteoporosis. Currently, there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or 'insufficient' bone-regeneration process, including the 'gold standard' autologous bone graft, free fibula vascularised graft, allograft implantation, and use of growth factors, osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoprogenitor cells and distraction osteogenesis. Improved 'local' strategies in terms of tissue engineering and gene therapy, or even 'systemic' enhancement of bone repair, are under intense investigation, in an effort to overcome the limitations of the current methods, to produce bone-graft substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible, to accelerate the overall regeneration process, or even to address systemic conditions, such as skeletal disorders and osteoporosis. Over the past year we have seen new products approved and released to the market. And the pipeline of therapies on the horizon continues to expand. This paper demonstrates the various approaches, material, implants produced by various commercial companies to reconstruct soft and hard tissue defects and its application in implant dentistry and oral surgery.

Biography:

Dr. Ankita Chugh has completed BDS in 2003 and MDS in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in 2007 .Now she is working as faculty in Department of Dentistry at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur India. She has published and reviwed more than 50 papers in national and international peer journals and presented many papers in national conferences.

Abstract:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is defined as a chronic disease of oral mucosa characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissue layers. The pathogenesis of the disease is not well established, but is believed to be multifactorial. The treatment for patients afflicted with oral submucous fibrosis is focused on relieving the symptoms and improving the mouth opening by therapeutic and/or surgical means. Medical management which forms the first line of treatment includes topical, intralesional and systemic usage of agents like placental extracts, steroids, vitamins and hyaluronidase. However the role of these medications in advanced cases of oral submucous fibrosis with established restricted mouth opening is limited. Submucous fibrosis with a severe degree of trismus is a great surgical challenge. The surgical procedures include excision of fibrous bands with or without coverage of the surgically created defect. Materials commonly used for coverage of defect include skin or placental grafts, tongue flaps, palatal flaps, radial forearm free vacularized, buccal fat pad grafts, nasolabial flaps and many more. This presentation will focus on the intricacies of surgical procedure with emphasis on two locally available tissue replacements that is Buccal pad of Fat and Nasolabial flap.

Biography:

Mudher Ali is General Secretary and Board member of the Iraqi Dental Association. Councilor at the IAOR (Iraqi Association of Oral Research)which belongs to the international Association for Dental Research IADR). Certified specialist of Lumineers and Veneers . Head department of prosthodontics at the Iraqia university. He Was selected as one of the best ten personal fair and honest personality among the Iraqi community in 2013-2014 which is organized by TEDX. (in Iraq).

Abstract:

Introduction The most important skills that physicians of the orofacial complex must develop is sound oral diagnosis and treatment planning .The clinician face challenges in cosmetic dentistry that may force him to find a solution within several hours .This article discuss a clinical case report for a patient with a traumatic accident for the two upper anterior central incisors .The main goal of the patient is to restore his profile immediately or otherwise a tribe crisis will explore leading to disaster between two Iraqi tribes which might end in killing means .This put the clinician under high tension pressure responsibility to restore the profile of the patient to the most acceptable scientific and practical results. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 20 years old patient has attended our private practice complaining of a traumatic accident for the two upper central incisors due to fight crises. The two centrals were fractured almost up to the level of the gum .Proper extra and intra oral diagnosis were carried out to find the most suitable way to achieve the goal of the patient .Highly proper delicate root canal therapy was decided immediately to be finished in one hour . Then the patient is left for another one hour for settling the endodontic treatment. Then a fibro post was selected properly and cemented with rely-x uncem 3m company (American product ).Following this step, good etching and bonding was achieved .Then complete carving and sculpturing was made for the two centrals using Empress direct composite restoration .Finally proper occlusal adjustment was carried out with final finishing and polishing . Results A satisfied restored profile was achieved for the patient within several hours .The old profile indicated that the two centrals were out of occlusion. This point was corrected with the new profile which made the patient happier and psychologically more stable. The crises between the tribes were resolved. The expected horrible end between the two Iraqi tribes was vanished. Conclusion In many occasions the clinician may face challenges in cosmetic dentistry .The decision for a proper treatment plan in many instances is a real challenge .The treatment plan should be based on the type and the extent of treatment to be performed. So when planning complex esthetic cases, it is necessary to evaluate, diagnose and often treat occlusal factors taking into consideration the main goal of the patient to be achieved .To achieve a proper treatment plan gathering together with the desire of the patient, in many occasion is a point of challenge .

Biography:

Dr. Alasousi has completed his Specialty Residency Program in Endodontics in State University of New York at Buffalo (2008) and Master Degree in Oral science - State University of New York at Buffalo, He also has Diplomate in the American Board of Endodontic and Fellowship in The Royal College of Dentists of Canada ( FRCDC) in Endodontic, He is Part time faculty in Kuwait University in school of dental medicine ( 2008- Present), He is consultant Endodontist at Bayan Dental ( Private Clinic ) and Head of Endodontic unit at Alfarwaniya Dental Center, Ministy of Health-Kuwait , also Endodontic Course Director for MGDS & KBAGD program - Ministry of Health- Kuwait (2008 till 2011) As a speaker, he has participated in international conferences and conducted multiple courses and workshops.

Abstract:

Nonsurgical root canal therapy has become a routine procedure in modern dentistry. The clinician is dedicated to excellence in the art and science of dentisty and to the highest standards of patient care. Successful endodontics depends on a number of factors. The abilities and knowledge of the dentist, including training and experience, are of primary importance. Clinicians must always have a scientifically sound, evidence-based rationale for every treatment decision that is made so they may best serve the patients who trust them with their care. 
If clinicians wish to approach treating these teeth, they should have the appropriate armamentarium and be capable of performing these very specialized techniques at the highest level. Appropriate diagnosis, instrumentation, obturation and restoration are the main steps involved in the treatment of teeth with pulpal and periapical diseases. Recent technical and scientific advances in endodontics have resulted in the retention of millions of teeth that would otherwise be lost. It is universally accepted that a natural tooth with a good prognosis is a superior choice to loss and replacement. One of the most important key element for successful treatment to believe in the philosophy of what you take out of a root canal are more important than what you put in it.

Biography:

Fouad Abduljabbar is a Consultant Endodontist. He is also a Director of Dental Supplies and Materials & Equipment of Endodontics department, Member of Dental Supplies & Materials &Equipment Committee and Clinical supervisor of Saudi board dental student and dental interns, Dental services, West Region, King Abdulaziz medical City, The ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He completed his Master of Dental Surgery and Clinical certificate in Endodontics, from The University of Hong Kong, 2009 and Bachelor of Dental Medicine and surgery from King Abdulaziz University, 2003. He has also published more than five papers in reputed journals and presented number of dental lectures, as well as dental courses in and out of Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

For 15 years, NiTi rotary instruments become an essential part of endodontics. Fractured instruments interfere the goals endodontic therapy. Instrument fracture may adversely affect the success rate of endodontic treatment. Many researches have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms of failure of NiTi instruments to minimize its occurrence. Factors related to clinician experience, technique, and competence have been shown to be influential. From an assessment of the literature presented and clinical cases, clinical recommendations are derived concerning prevention and management of this complication. The purpose of this presentation is to present points that clinical operators can take to reduce the risk of NiTi rotary instrument failure and prevent fracture during root canal preparation.

Biography:

Dr. Radhika Kewalramani is a postgraduate (IInd MDS) student of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics department of V.S Dental college and Hospital, affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi university, Bangalore, India and has done her undergraduation (BDS) from the reputed Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India. She is the recipient of the prestigious IDA- Colgate schlorship in 2012 and is also the Karnataka state topper of post graduate entrance test held in 2014. She has attended various hands on courses in the field of conservative dentistry and endodontics and presented at various conventions and conferences throughout India.

Abstract:

The presence of elusive MB2 canal in mesiobuccal root of first maxillary molar has shown wide variations among different populations. However, no detailed study on a large group of Indian population on prevalence and location of MB2 canal in maxillary first molar is presented in literature. Aims and Objectives • To investigate the prevalence of MB2 canal in right and left maxillary first molar of Indian population. • To assess the location of the MB2 canal in permanent maxillary first molar . Material & Methodology • 300 CBCT scans of right and left maxillary first molar will be studied in sagittal, coronal and axial sections. Axial tomographic slices will be studied in cervico-apical direction from the pulp chamber to the apex of mesiobuccal root for the detection of MB2 canal. When MB2 is present, the floor of coronal cavity will be located and progressed 2mm apically to standardize observation of MB2 canal. The geometric position of MB2 canal will be studied according to protocol described by Gorduysus et al. The mid point of MB1, Palatal and MB2 canal will be found and straight lines will be drawn connecting these points. Another line will be drawn from MB2 perpendicular to MB1- P line. The distances between lines drawn will be measured in millimeter. The data will be analyzed using descrip¬tive statistics, with a value of P < 0.05 being statistically significant.

Biography:

Dr. Mostafa Anwar is an Assistant Lecturer of Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt. He is also Infection Control Officer at the British University Dental Hospital. He is a Certified Healthcare & Hospital Management Specialist – AUC. He took a Master Degree of Endodontics from Ain Shams University in Egypt. His practice is limited to Micro-Endodontics. He is a Lecturer & Participant in many International Dental Conferences. He conducts many Lectures and Hands-on workshops on Endodontics all over Egypt. He is an Endodontics Specialist at Whity Dental Center, in Cairo (Egypt).

Abstract:

Introduction: In this study OneShape file (OS) was compared to R-endo file (RE) in retreatment of endodontically treated teeth in terms of time required for completion of retreatment procedure and amount of remaining gutta percha on root canal dentin. Methods: Sixty mandibular mesio-buccal canals with angles of curvature between 15 and 45 were prepared using protaper universal rotary files then obturated using guuta-percha and AH-plus sealer. Canals were then divided equally into 2 groups according to the retreatment system. Time required to reach the full working length and for complete removal of gutta-perha were meaured during retreatment procedure using a digital stopwatch. Also the amount of remaining guuta-percha on the root canal dentin was measured using Stereomicroscopic images analyzed by Image J software

Biography:

Abstract:

Aim: One of the major problems of clinicians in observing the progress of the lesion, is that they have to compare new X-ray radiographs of patients with previous ones to determine the changes of the size of the lesion, and this would be associated with interpretation errors. Using a smart system in detection of the exact size of periapical lesions, we have responded to this problem, in this work. The purpose of this paper is detection of the size of periapical lesions with processing image using particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm in the X-Ray Digital (XRD) images that facilitate conducting a more accurate diagnosis. Methodology : Particle swarm optimization, in principle, is a computing evolutionary technique and an optimization population-based method. This algorithm is based on examination of the color changes around the tooth roots in the XRD images. The color of the periapical lesions around un healthy tooth root is darker(Lucent)compared with that of the healthy tooth root (Opaque). Methodology of this algorithm on XRD image is to investigate the color changes around tooth root and to show the size of periapical lesions. The difference between this study and previous ones iscomputation of the color changes by image processing algorithm for diagnosis of the size of periapical lesions. Results: After running the algorithm, if the lesion is apical root around, PSO algorithm can recognize size of periapical lesios and identify its location. Conclusions: This algorithm provides useful and successful results for the presented tests and experiments. Using this algorithm, it is possible to save time, reduce errors, and have a more accurate diagnosis. Among the potential applications of this algorithm is to intelligently help dentist robots, which will be used in the future.

Biography:

Mohammed Shawki Hafez has completed his master’s degree in endodontics and works as teaching assistant in Endodontic department - Pharos University of Alexandria (www.pua.edu.eg) and the head of continued education program of the faculty. He is a candidate for phd degree in endodontics from Tanta University. he also is interested in implants and earned Fellowship and membership from the International Congress of Oral Implantology ICOI –USA. He owns a private clinical practice (Al-Araak Dental and cosmetic center). He have been one of the organising committee for Alexandria International Dental Congress “AIDC” since 2004 and Pharos International student.

Abstract:

The regeneration or replacement of oral tissues affected by inherited disorders, trauma, and neoplastic or infectious diseases is expected to solve many dental problems. Within the next 25 years, unparalleled advances in dentistry and endodontics are set to take place, with the availability of artificial teeth, bone, organs, and oral tissues; as well as the ability to stimulate endodontic regeneration , replace diseased tissues produce vaccinations against viruses , and genetically alter disease pathogens to help eradicate caries and periodontitis. Regenerative endodontic procedures can be defined as biologically based proce- dures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex. The objectives of regenerative endodontic procedures are to regenerate pulp-like tissue, ideally, the pulp-dentin complex; regenerate damaged coronal dentin, such as following a carious exposure; and regenerate resorbed root, cervical or apical dentin.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: Many efforts have been made to improve Ni-Ti alloy for endodontic use and it has been shown that surface properties and thus cutting efficiency of the rotary files can be improved by processes such as electro-polishing, ion implantation and surface coating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogenic treatment on cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary files. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 Ni-Ti rotary instruments (Hero 642, #25, 0.04 taper) were selected and divided into 3 groups of 20. In group I no treatment was used. In group II the instruments were subjected to a deep cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen pool (-196°C) for 24 hours and after treatment were immediately tested for cutting efficiency. In group III after cryogenic treatment the temperature of the samples was raised slowly to room temperature for 24 hours. A new piece of test equipment was designed and used. The instruments were attached to the testing machine and rotated in Plexiglas samples for 10 seconds in a working length of 16 mm. The depth of grooves and weight loss of Plexiglas were measured after instrumentation. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of cutting efficacy between the three groups at 95% confidence interval. Results: The instruments which were immediately tested for cutting efficiency had significantly more weight loss and deeper grooves (pweight < 0.001; pgroove = 0.022), indicating better cutting efficiency. However, there was no significant differences between group I and group III in cutting efficacy (p weight = 0.23; p groove = 0.61). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the surface properties of Ni-Ti alloy could be improved by the cryogenic treatment for a limited period of time after treatment, increasing the cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Key words: Plexiglas, Nickel-Titanium alloy, Root canal therapy